Met de CI module kunt u in digitale HD kwaliteit televisie kijken zonder dat u een extra tv ontvanger hoeft aan te sluiten op u televisie. Met de CI+ module bespaart u dus een extra kastje en een paar lelijke tv kabels van de ontvanger naar de televisie. In computing, the expansion card, expansion board, adapter card or accessory card is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or expansion slot, on a computer motherboard, backplane or riser card to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus.

In computing, the expansion card, expansion board, adapter card or accessory card is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or expansion slot, on a computer motherboard, backplane or riser card to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus.

An expansion bus is a computer bus which moves information between the internal hardware of a computer system (including the CPU and RAM) and peripheral devices. It is a collection of wires and protocols that allows for the expansion of a computer.^[1]

• 1History

History[edit]

Even vacuum-tube based computers had modular construction, but individual functions for peripheral devices filled a cabinet, not just a printed circuit board. Processor, memory and I/O cards became feasible with the development of integrated circuits. Expansion cards allowed a processor system to be adapted to the needs of the user, allowing variations in the type of devices connected, additions to memory, or optional features to the central processor (such as a floating point unit). Minicomputers, starting with the PDP-8, were made of multiple cards, all powered by and communicating through a passive backplane.

The first commercial microcomputer to feature expansion slots was the Micral N, in 1973. The first company to establish a de facto standard was Altair with the Altair 8800, developed 1974-1975, which later became a multi-manufacturer standard, the S-100 bus. Many of these computers were also passive backplane designs, where all elements of the computer, (processor, memory, and I/O) plugged into a card cage which passively distributed signals and power between the cards.

Proprietary bus implementations for systems such as the Apple II co-existed with multi-manufacturer standards.

IBM PC and descendants[edit]

IBM introduced what would retroactively be called the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus with the IBM PC in 1981. At that time, the technology was called the PC bus. The IBM XT, introduced in 1983, used the same bus (with slight exception). The 8-bit PC and XT bus was extended with the introduction of the IBM AT in 1984. This used a second connector for extending the address and data bus over the XT, but was backward compatible; 8-bit cards were still usable in the AT 16-bit slots. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) became the designation for the IBM AT bus after other types were developed. Users of the ISA bus had to have in-depth knowledge of the hardware they were adding to properly connect the devices, since memory addresses, I/O port addresses, and DMA channels had to be configured by switches or jumpers on the card to match the settings in driver software.

IBM's MCA bus, developed for the PS/2 in 1987, was a competitor to ISA, also their design, but fell out of favor due to the ISA's industry-wide acceptance and IBM's licensing of MCA. EISA, the 32-bit extended version of ISA championed by Compaq, was used on some PC motherboards until 1997, when Microsoft declared it a 'legacy' subsystem in the PC 97 industry white-paper. Proprietary local buses (q.v. Compaq) and then the VESA Local Bus Standard, were late 1980s expansion buses that were tied but not exclusive to the 80386 and 80486 CPU bus.^[2][3][4] The PC/104 bus is an embedded bus that copies the ISA bus.

Intel launched their PCI bus chipsets along with the P5-based Pentium CPUs in 1993. The PCI bus was introduced in 1991 as a replacement for ISA. The standard (now at version 3.0) is found on PC motherboards to this day. The PCI standard supports bus bridging: as many as ten daisy chained PCI buses have been tested. Cardbus, using the PCMCIA connector, is a PCI format that attaches peripherals to the Host PCI Bus via PCI to PCI Bridge. Cardbus is being supplanted by ExpressCard format.

Intel introduced the AGP bus in 1997 as a dedicated video acceleration solution. AGP devices are logically attached to the PCI bus over a PCI-to-PCI bridge. Though termed a bus, AGP usually supports only a single card at a time (LegacyBIOS support issues). From 2005 PCI-Express has been replacing both PCI and AGP. This standard, approved^{[Like whom?]} in 2004, implements the logical PCI protocol over a serial communication interface. PC/104(-Plus) or Mini PCI are often added for expansion on small form factor boards such as Mini-ITX.

For their 1000 EX and 1000 HX models, Tandy Computer designed the PLUS expansion interface, an adaptation of the XT-bus supporting cards of a smaller form factor. Because it is electrically compatible with the XT bus (a.k.a. 8-bit ISA or XT-ISA), a passive adapter can be made to connect XT cards to a PLUS expansion connector. Another feature of PLUS cards is that they are stackable. Another bus that offered stackable expansion modules was the 'sidecar' bus used by the IBM PCjr. This may have been electrically comparable to the XT bus; it most certainly had some similarities since both essentially exposed the 8088 CPU's address and data buses, with some buffering and latching, the addition of interrupts and DMA provided by Intel add-on chips, and a few system fault detection lines (Power Good, Memory Check, I/O Channel Check). Again, PCjr sidecars are not technically expansion cards, but expansion modules, with the only difference being that the sidecar is an expansion card enclosed in a plastic box (with holes exposing the connectors).

Other families[edit]

Most other computer lines, including those from Apple Inc. (Apple II, Macintosh), Tandy, Commodore, Amiga, and Atari, offered their own expansion buses. The Amiga used Zorro II. Apple used a proprietary system with seven 50-pin-slots for Apple II peripheral cards, then later used the NuBus for its Macintosh series until 1995, when they switched to a PCI Bus. Generally, PCI expansion cards will function on any CPU platform if there is a software driver for that type. PCI video cards and other cards that contain a BIOS are problematic, although video cards conforming to VESA Standards may be used for secondary monitors. DEC Alpha, IBM PowerPC, and NEC MIPS workstations used PCI bus connectors.^[5] Both Zorro II and NuBus were plug and play, requiring no hardware configuration by the user.

Even many video game consoles, such as the Sega Genesis, included expansion buses; at least in the case of the Genesis, the expansion bus was proprietary, and in fact the cartridge slots of many cartridge based consoles (not including the Atari 2600) would qualify as expansion buses, as they exposed both read and write capabilities of the system's internal bus. However, the expansion modules attached to these interfaces, though functionally the same as expansion cards, are not technically expansion cards, due to their physical form.

Other computer buses were used for industrial control, instruments, and scientific systems. Some of these standards were VMEbus, STD Bus, and others.

Wat Is Een Ci+ Module Slot

External expansion buses[edit]

Laptops generally are unable to accept most expansion cards. Several compact expansion standards were developed. The original PC Card expansion card standard is essentially a compact version of the ISA bus. The CardBus expansion card standard is an evolution of the PC card standard to make it into a compact version of the PCI bus. The original ExpressCard standard acts like it is either a USB 2.0 peripheral or a PCI Express 1.x x1 device. ExpressCard 2.0 adds SuperSpeed USB as another type of interface the card can use. Unfortunately, CardBus and ExpressCard are vulnerable to DMA attack unless the laptop has an IOMMU that is configured to thwart these attacks.

Applications[edit]

The primary purpose of an expansion card is to provide or expand on features not offered by the motherboard. For example, the original IBM PC did not have on-board graphics or hard drive capability. In that case, a graphics card and an ST-506 hard disk controller card provided graphics capability and hard drive interface respectively. Some single-board computers made no provision for expansion cards, and may only have provided IC sockets on the board for limited changes or customization. Since reliable multi-pin connectors are relatively costly, some mass-market systems such as home computers had no expansion slots and instead used a card-edge connector at the edge of the main board, putting the costly matching socket into the cost of the peripheral device.

In the case of expansion of on-board capability, a motherboard may provide a single serial RS232 port or Ethernet port. An expansion card can be installed to offer multiple RS232 ports or multiple and higher bandwidth Ethernet ports. In this case, the motherboard provides basic functionality but the expansion card offers additional or enhanced ports.

Physical construction[edit]

One edge of the expansion card holds the contacts (the edge connector or pin header) that fit into the slot. They establish the electrical contact between the electronics on the card and on the motherboard. Peripheral expansion cards generally have connectors for external cables. In the PC-compatible personal computer, these connectors were located in the support bracket at the back of the cabinet. Industrial backplane systems had connectors mounted on the top edge of the card, opposite to the backplane pins.

Depending on the form factor of the motherboard and case, around one to seven expansion cards can be added to a computer system. 19 or more expansion cards can be installed in backplane systems. When many expansion cards are added to a system, total power consumption and heat dissipation become limiting factors. Some expansion cards take up more than one slot space. For example, many graphics cards on the market as of 2010 are dual slot graphics cards, using the second slot as a place to put an active heat sink with a fan.

Some cards are 'low-profile' cards, meaning that they are shorter than standard cards and will fit in a lower height computer chassis. (There is a 'low profile PCI card' standard^[6] that specifies a much smaller bracket and board area). The group of expansion cards that are used for external connectivity, such as network, SAN or modem cards, are commonly referred to as input/output cards (or I/O cards).

Daughterboard[edit]

A daughterboard, daughtercard, mezzanine board or piggyback board is an expansion card that attaches to a system directly. ^[7] Daughterboards often have plugs, sockets, pins or other attachments for other boards. Daughterboards often have only internal connections within a computer or other electronic devices, and usually access the motherboard directly rather than through a computer bus.

Daughterboards are sometimes used in computers in order to allow for expansion cards to fit parallel to the motherboard, usually to maintain a small form factor. This form are also called riser cards, or risers. Daughterboards are also sometimes used to expand the basic functionality of an electronic device, such as when a certain model has features added to it and is released as a new or separate model. Rather than redesigning the first model completely, a daughterboard may be added to a special connector on the main board. These usually fit on top of and parallel to the board, separated by spacers or standoffs, and are sometimes called mezzanine cards due to being stacked like the mezzanine of a theatre. Wavetable cards (sample-based synthesis cards) are often mounted on sound cards in this manner.

Some mezzanine card interface standards includethe 400 pin FPGA Mezzanine Card (FMC);the 172 pin High Speed Mezzanine Card (HSMC);^[8][9]the PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC);XMC mezzanines;the Advanced Mezzanine Card;IndustryPacks (VITA 4), the GreenSpring Computers Mezzanine modules;etc.

Examples of daughterboard-style expansion cards include:

• Enhanced Graphics Adapter piggyback board, adds memory beyond 64 KB, up to 256 KB^[10]
• Expanded memory piggyback board, adds additional memory to some EMS and EEMS boards^[11]
• ADD daughterboard
• RAID daughterboard
• Network interface controller (NIC) daughterboard
• CPU Socket daughterboard
• Bluetooth daughterboard
• Modem daughterboard
• AD/DA/DIO daughter-card
• Communication daughterboard (CDC)
• Server Management daughterboard (SMDC)
• Serial ATA connector daughterboard
• Robotic daughterboard
• Access control List daughterboard
• Arduino 'shield' daughterboards
• Beaglebone 'cape' daughterboard
• Raspberry Pi 'HAT' daughterboard.
• Network Daughterboard (NDB). Commonly integrates: bus interfaces logic, LLC, PHY and Magnetics onto a single board.

Standards[edit]

• PCI Extended (PCI-X)
• PCI Express (PCIe)
• Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
• Conventional PCI (PCI)
• Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
• Micro Channel architecture (MCA)
• VESA Local Bus (VLB)
• CardBus/PC card/PCMCIA (for notebook computers)
• ExpressCard (for notebook computers)
• Audio/modem riser (AMR)
• Communications and networking riser (CNR)
• CompactFlash (for handheld computers and high speed cameras and camcorders)
• SBus (1990s SPARC-based Sun computers)
• Zorro (Commodore Amiga)
• NuBus (Apple Macintosh)

See also[edit]

• M-Module, an industrial mezzanine standard for modular I/O

References[edit]

1. ^'What is expansion bus'. Webopedia.
2. ^'MB-54VP'. ArtOfHacking.com. Retrieved 2012-11-17.
3. ^'NX586'. ArtOfHacking.com. Retrieved 2012-11-17.
4. ^'LEOPARD 486SLC2 REV. B'. ArtOfHacking.com. Retrieved 2012-11-17.
5. ^'Motherboards'. Artofhacking.com. Retrieved 2012-11-17.
6. ^'PCI Mechanical Working Group ECN: Low Profile PCI Card'(PDF). Pcisig.com. Retrieved 2012-11-17.
7. ^ IEEE Std. 100 Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition, IEEE, 2000,ISBN0-7381-2601-2, page 284
8. ^Jens Kröger.'Data Transmission at High Rates via Kapton Flexprints for the Mu3e Experiment'.2014.p. 43 to 44.
9. ^Altera.'High Speed Mezzanine Card (HSMC) Specification'.p. 2-3.
10. ^Market Looks to EGA as De Facto Standard, InfoWorld, Aug 19, 1985
11. ^Product Comparison: 16-Bit EMS Memory, InfoWorld, Sep 7, 1987

External links[edit]

In Digital Video Broadcasting, the Common Interface (also called DVB-CI) is a technology which allows decryption of pay TV channels. Pay TV stations want to choose which encryption method to use. The Common Interface allows TV manufacturers to support many different pay TV stations, by allowing to plug in exchangeable conditional-access modules (CAM) for various encryption schemes.

The Common Interface is the connection between the TV tuner (TV or set-top box) and the module that decrypts the TV signal (CAM). This module, in turn, then accepts the pay-to-view subscriber card, which contains the access keys and permissions.

The host (TV or set-top box) is responsible for tuning to pay TV channels and demodulation of the RF signal, while CAM is responsible for CA descrambling. The Common Interface allows them to communicate with each other. All Common Interface equipment must comply with the EN 50221-1997 standard. This is a defined standard that enables the addition of a CAM in a DTV receiver to adapt it to different kinds of cryptography. The EN 50221 specification allows many types of modules but only the CAM has found popularity because of the pay TV market. Indeed, one of Digital Video Broadcasting's main strengths is the option of implementing the required conditional access capability on the Common Interface.

This allows broadcasters to use modules containing solutions from different suppliers, thus increasing their choice of anti-piracy options.

• 2Standards
  • 2.1DVB-CI
  • 2.2CI+
    • 2.2.2History
    • 2.2.3Certification

Mode of operation[edit]

A DVB receiver may have one or two slots implementing the Common Interface (CI). The CI uses the conditional-access module (PCMCIA) connector and conforms to the Common Scrambling Algorithm (CSA), the normative that specifies that such a receiver must be able to accept DES (Data Encryption Standard) keys in intervals of some milliseconds, and use them to decode private channels according to a specific algorithm.

Those algorithms are proprietary to individual suppliers. Each one uses their own algorithms and there is no defined standard for them.

As the full MPEG-2 transport data stream comes out of the demodulator, and error correction units, the DTV Receiver sends it through the card plugged into the Common Interface, before it is processed by the MPEG demultiplexer in the receiver. If several CI cards are present, the MPEG transport data stream will be passed sequentially through all these cards.

An embedded CAM may not physically exist, as it may be in CPU software. In such a case, only the smart card reader normally in the CAM is fitted and not the PCMCIA type CI slots.

Even if the Common Interface has been created to resolve cryptography issues, it can have other functions using other types of modules such as Web Browser, iDTV (Interactive Television), and so forth.

In Europe, DVB-CI is obligatory in all iDTV terminals.

The host sends an encrypted MPEG transport stream to the CAM and the CAM sends the decrypted transport stream back to the host. The CAM often contains a smart-card reader.

Standards[edit]

DVB-CI[edit]

The normative DVB-CI standard EN 50221 was defined in 1997 by CENELEC, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.

According to the Common Interface scheme:

• host : A device where module(s) can be connected; for example, an Integrated receiver/decoder (IRD), a VCR, a PC ...
• module : A small device, not working by itself, designed to run specialized tasks in association with a host; for example, a conditional access sub system, an electronic program guide application module, or to provide resources required by an application but not provided directly by the host.

The specification only defines two aspects, two logical interfaces to be included on the same physical interface. The first interface is the MPEG-2 Transport Stream. The link and physical layers are defined in this specification and the higher layers are defined in the MPEG-2 specifications. The second interface, the command interface, carries commands between the host (receiver) and the module.

The specification does not define the operation or functionality of a conditional access system application on the module. The applications that may be performed by a module communicating across the interface are not limited to conditional access or to those described in this specification. More than one module may be supported concurrently.

The common interface shares many features of the PC Card Standard (PCMCIA). By reducing the widths of the addressand data busses it has been possible to include a bi-directional parallel transport stream interface.

Transport Stream Interface (TSI)[edit]

The transport stream format is specified by IEC 13818-1 and is the MPEG 2 TS format.

Command Interface[edit]

In addition there is a command interface for communication between the host and module.

This communication is in the form of a layered protocol stack which allows the host and module to share resources. For example, the module can request the current date and time from the host. To use this service, module shall open a session to the 'Date-Time' resource provided by host. Or, module can ask the host to display a message on the TV screen and can then read keypresses from the host remote control. This is done by opening a session to host's Man-Machine Interface (MMI) Resource. This resource also allows the CAM to request and receive PIN numbers.

Some of defined by DVB-CI resources are de facto optional. For example, the host could contain a modem for communication over a telephone line allowing the CAM to implement pay-per-view. This can be done by opening a session to host's Low-Speed Communication (LSC) resource (assuming that the host announced the availability of this resource). The Host Control resource (allowing CAM to request force-tuned) also may be absent in some of hosts.

The definitely mandatory resources are Resource Manager, Application Information and Conditional Access Support ones. First two of these three are necessary for initial handshaking between CAM and its Host, while the CA Support resource is necessary for descrambling the selected channels.

The Command Interface is extensible and there are several specification documents available which describe these extensions (e.g. ETSI TS 101 699). However these extensions have often not proved popular with manufacturers.

CI+[edit]

Definition[edit]

CI+ (also known as CI Plus or Common Interface Plus) is a specification that extends the original DVB Common Interface standard (DVB-CI, v1). The main addition introduced by CI+ is a form of copy protection between a CI+ conditional-access module (referenced by the spec as CICAM, while CI+ CAM seems to be a more precise abbreviation) and the television receiver (Host). CI+ is backward compatible with DVB-CIv1. Old television receivers, which have CIv1 CI-slot, can be used with CI+ CAM and vice versa, but for viewing only those of TV programs which are not marked as CI+ protected.

History[edit]

Initial versions[edit]

CI+ specification has been developed by consumer electronic firms Panasonic, Philips, Samsung and Sony, as well as pay-TV technology company SmarDTV and fablesschip maker Neotion.^[1]

A first draft of the specification was put up for review in January 2008 as V1.00 CI Plus Specification.The establishment of the Trusted Authority has been completed^[2] and an official security certification lab appointed.^[3]

In 2009, versions 1.1 and 1.2 were released. The 1.2 version became the first one which was massively deployed.The main features added to the original DVB-CI standard by the CI+ V1.2 are:

• Content Control (allows re-encryption of video and audio on their way from CI+ CAM to its host)
• coordination of CAM firmware upgrade between CAM and its host
• 'CI Plus browser' - support of MHEG-5 applications running on a CI+ host, launched by a CI+ CAM and being able to communicate with it
• support of IP communication was added to the DVB-CI's Low-Speed Communication (LSC) resource (but without renaming it to 'High-Speed').

The spec doesn't state explicitly about each feature if it is mandatory or optional. The mandatory feature (as it's actually the main raison d'être of CI+) is Content Control. The optional feature of V1.2 version is 'PVR Resource' – this can be concluded from the fact that it doesn't appear in newer CI+ spec versions.

CI+ v1.3[edit]

In 2011, version 1.3.1 was released. The main features added by CI+ V1.3.1 to CI+ V1.2 are:

• various enhancements of Content Control mechanism
• coordination of parental control PIN code handling between CAM and its host
• better IP communication support (increased data throughput)
• VOD support
• a new Operator Profile resource allowing CAM to adapt non-standard broadcast-specific service information to standard DVB format understandable by Host.

CI+ v1.4[edit]

With the development of CI+, the standard has now come under the umbrella of the DVB standards organization.^[4]
In 2014, DVB released ETSI TS 103 205 V1.1.1 specification, defining what is often referred as 'CI+ v1.4'.The main features added by ETSI TS 103 205 V1.1.1 to CI+ v1.3.1 are:

• multi-tuner support
• URI (usage rules information) extensions (the most prominent is addition of trick mode enable/disable flag)
• IP-delivered video support
• watermarking and transcoding capability
• the communication functionality was extended to support IP multicast and hybrid type of communication (hybrid communication means here that IP multicast data arrive to module over the transport stream interface)
• CI Plus™ browser extensions (interaction channel, streaming, video scaling etc.)
• letting a CI+ CAM to determine if its Host supports an advanced application environment (e.g. HbbTV or MHP) and, if yes, to launch a corresponding application
• allowing CI+ CAM applications to be represented in the Host's channel line-up in form of virtual channels.

CI+ v2.0[edit]

DVB standards organization announced^[5] working on version 2.0 of the DVB CI+ specifications. The main evolution of this version is to add USB as physical layer to replace the aging PC Card interface.

Certification[edit]

CI+ Host and CAM testing and certification is carried out by Eurofins Digital Testing (formerly Digital TV Labs) in the UK, Hong Kong, Belgium and Poland.

Content protection[edit]

By making use of certificates issued by a trusted certification authority, a secure authenticated channel (SAC) is formed between a CI+ CAM and television receiver (Host). This SAC is used to generate a shared key, unique per a CAM-Host pair, which protects from unauthorized copying the content marked in the associated URI (Usage Rules Info) as a content which needs to be re-encrypted on its way from CAM to Host after removal the original CA or DRM scrambling (in the original CI standard, decrypted content could be sent over the PCMCIA interface only in unscrambled form).

Revocation[edit]

CI+ standard allows revocation of compromised CI+ Hosts. This is done by broadcasting a Service Operator Certificate Revocation List (SOCRL) in a DSM-CC data carousel. If CAM detects that its Host's ID, model or brand is listed in SOCRL (and isn't listed in optional SOCWL - Service Operator Certificate White List), the CAM must refuse descrambling the content marked in CI+ URI as protected. A SOCRL is created and signed by the CI+ Root-of-Trust on request of a Service Operator.To prevent replay of out-of-dated SOCRL and SOCWL, they must be broadcast in combination with RSD (Revocation Signaling Data) table which specifies the last versions of SOCRL and SOCWL and their location in the DSM-CC data carousel. The RSD also must be signed.

Enhanced MMI[edit]

A CI+ compliant Host device must also implement MHEG-5 interactive TV engine to manage navigation of the user within an interactive TV application, using its device remote control.^[6] Support of MHP or HbbTV interactive TV engines is optional.

Operators (partial list)[edit]

The following operators have currently rolled out CI+ support or plan to do so:

• Albania
• Bulgaria
  • Blizoo - launched CI+ in 2014
• Belgium
  • Telenet – launched CI+ in June 2013^[7]
  • VOO - launched CI+ in September 2015
• Croatia
  • evotv - launched CI+ v1.3
• France
  • Canal+ – launched the 'Canal Ready' label for devices able to receive Canal+ channel
• Germany
  • HD+,
  • Kabel Deutschland,
  • KBW,
  • Sky Deutschland,
• Italy
  • Mediaset Premium (Digital terrestrial television) - needs CI+ slot on HD television to descramble High Definition channel Premium Calcio HD.
• Luxembourg
• Netherlands
  • Caiway – launched CI+ in October 2009^[8][9]
  • Delta NV – launched CI+ in 2010
  • Kabel Noord – launched CI+ in 2010
  • Ziggo – launched CI+ in September 2009 (2011 in former UPC areas), SMiT and Neotion CAM modules are used^[10]
• Poland
  • Ve
• Romania
  • UPC Romania - launched CI+ in April 2012
  • RCS & RDS - Starting November 2013
• Russia
• Spain
• Sweden
• Switzerland
  • UPC Cablecom – Starting June 2010^[11]
• Turkey
• United Kingdom
  • Top Up TV^[12]

In July 2009 the largest Cable operator in the Netherlands, Ziggo, announced that it will support CI+ based Integrated Digital Television sets (IDTVs) actively.^[13][14][15] In September 2009 the first batch of 15,000 SMiT (Shenzhen State Micro Technology Co., Ltd.) CI+ CAMs was offered by various Dutch retailers, followed in October 2009 by the first batch of Neotion CAMs.^[16]Other supporters include Canal+,^[17] and conditional access companies Irdeto^[18] and Conax.^[19]In 2009, NDS (now Cisco) announced that it will support Kabel Deutschland to deploy CI+ to its customers.^[20] In 2014, CI+ CAMs with CiscoVideoGuard CA, manufactured by SMiT were deployed at D-Smart, KDG (Kabel Deutschland), KBW, Sky Deutschland, Tele Columbus etc.

Compatible TV sets (partial list)[edit]

• LG 2010 models all LD and LE series also MFT models MXX80D.
• Many of Samsung's new LCD, LCD LED and Plasma model variants with CI+ compatible motherboards, although there were some incompatibilities between TV and UPC and RCS-RDS CI+ modules, even with models certified by UPC and RCS-RDS. Some problems were solved by upgrading the firmware of the TV, other were solved by simply replacing ( in many cases under warranty ) the motherboard.
• Many of Sony's new models including the Bravia W5500 series. Some older models needed a firmware update.
• Philips new 5000 and 9000 series LCD TVs (required firmware pending according to Ziggo).
• Panasonic early models (until early 2011) with CI+ slots needed a new firmware to be fully CI+ compatible. (Update 2010). All incompatibility problems were solved by software and firmware updates, or sometimes by using a CI+ card or module with other firmware. All models produced after early 2011 are fully compatible with CI+.
• Some Tesco Technika models.
• Many Vestel based TV sets. Newer Vestel based TV sets are marking the fact they are CI+ certified in their SHOP MODE ( or DEMO MODE ), which is mentioning, beside other features, the CI+ compatibility ( no matter DVB-T, DVB-C, DVB-S), or simply by a sticker attached on the front of the set. Sometimes, however in many cases, CI+ compatibility of the Vestel sets is mentioned on the package, beside other main features.

Embedded Common Interface[edit]

A new ETSI working group will be working on Embedded Common Interface (ECI).

See also[edit]

• Conditional-access module (CAM)

References[edit]

1. ^'Cabot Communications Ltd. CI+ Technical Paper'. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
2. ^'Führende TV-Hersteller vertrauen bei der Umsetzung des CI Plus-Standards in Europa auf TC TrustCenter (German)'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2009-04-24. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
3. ^10.48 Europe/London (2009-03-05). 'Digital TV Labs to test for CI Plus'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
4. ^10.55 Europe/London (2011-02-18). 'CI Plus back with the DVB'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
5. ^'DVB CIplus 2.0 on its way'. DVB World. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
6. ^'CI PlusSpecification 1.3.1'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2014-02-11. Retrieved 2014-08-28.
7. ^[1]
8. ^Caiway CI+ CAM (Dutch)Archived July 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
9. ^08.54 Europe/London (2009-10-16). 'Caiway introduces CI Plus modules'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
10. ^'Digitale Televisie Module (Dutch)'. Ziggo.nl. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2013-07-10.^{[permanent dead link]}
11. ^Cablecom makes access to digital TV in HD quality and Internet easier and cheaper
12. ^'CI+ Landing'. Top Up TV. 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
13. ^Ziggo claims “world first” with CI Plus (visited July 7th 2009)
14. ^Ziggo Approved SMiT CI+ CAM^{[dead link]}
15. ^After initial pioneering, ZIGGO and NEOTION are now further unleashing CI Plus momentum in the Digital Pay TV ecosystem^{[permanent dead link]}
16. ^13.31 Europe/London (2009-08-30). 'Ziggo starts supply of CI Plus CAMs'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
17. ^18.06 Europe/London (2009-04-27). 'Canal+ backs CI Plus with 'Canal Ready' label'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
18. ^'Iredeto press release'. Irdeto.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
19. ^11.28 Europe/London (2008-09-12). 'Conax announces CI+ support'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
20. ^08.45 Europe/London (2009-09-13). 'NDS to deliver CI+ to KDG'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.

External links[edit]

• Gerard O'Driscoll, The essential Guide to Digital Set-Boxes and Interactive TV, reprinted April 2000
• Jerry whitaker, Television Receivers, 2001